Tpu biothane for sale.

Tpu biothane for sale 085"-. (Not recommended for mac Our Biothane® Beta leashes and collars have a 1000lb break strength per 1" width. Ships from France. break strength. Listed on Apr 28, 2025 We've chosen to exclusively use genuine BioThane® in all our collars and leads. 115"-. 30 Original Price $35. Equine Couture Fly Bonnet Ear Net Hood -Lurex Rope $ 12. This means it is Strong, Durable, Waterproof, Stink-Proof, and Cleans Easily. It's easy to clean, most dirt just wipes off or wash in warm water with soap. Listed on Jun 23, 2024 Profile Thickness Break Strength * Hole Pull Strength ** Available Widths; B05 Ultra Thin. 25 $ 23. 18 $ 21. 100% water-resistant, and does not stretch Le Biothane est un matériau incassable, indéchirable, imputrescible et résistant aux agressions de l'eau et de la sueur (sel). TPU is tougher than rubber and maintains good stability in tension and compression. 00 Add to cart; Draft Style Team Harness with Farm Hames & Collar - Mini & Pony Pleasure Harness - Collar & Hames - Cob, Horse & Cross DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. Key Properties of Biothane: Waterproof; Odor-resistant; Easy to clean; Durable and Jun 27, 2024 · Le BioThane résiste mieux que le cuir à toutes les conditions climatiques. 76mm - 1. Simply chat to buy "biothane" on Carousell Singapore. 5/16" BioRope has a 900lb. This innovative fusion gives birth to an exceptional composite, endowing it with unmatched strength, impeccable weather resistance, and a maintenance simplicity that sets it apart. of force. De polyester band maakt biothane een sterk zeer product. Listed on Apr 2, 2025 Pioneer Endurance is owned by Zoe Lindop who designs and manufactures a bespoke range of saddlery primarily for Endurance, Le Trec, and hacking. Order at Two Horse Tack now. What Is Biothane? Biothane is a synthetic material made from polyester webbing coated with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Genuine BioThane is made in the U. Unlike leather, BioThane is waterproof, easy to clean, and odour-resistant, making it ideal for active pets. 16 mm BioThane. Aúna las características positivas del cuero y del plástico. 050" (1. *Sään- ja vedenkestävä. 96 $ 19. 34655 Mills Road DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. 035'' (0. com, Aaron Martin, Strapworks, and The BioThane Strap Shop to provide manufacturers the ability to purchase BioThane® rolled goods directly online. 00 Add to cart; Adjustable Breastplate in BETA or Biothane $ 100. 437kg) Jan 24, 2022 · However, BioThane is a polyester webbing (PET plastic) with a TPU or PVC coating (also types of plastic). 030" - . Biothane® is a multi-purpose webbing which withstand extremes of temperature, without losing its strength. BioThane ® is the brand name of all coated webbing products made by BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. Please Note: Insect repellents cause staining, pitting, drying and cracking on the TPU/PVC coated webbing (BETA). com, Aaron Martin, Strapworks, or The BioThane Strap Shop BioThane® has partnered with The Strap Warehouse, Yonie's Harness Shop, Buckleguy. Start with choosing from one of the many styles we offer or design your own! English Bridles – Schooling, Full or Weymouth, Polo Western Bridles – Browband, Bosel Mule Bridles DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. TPU coated BioThane is available in many options for medical products, safety equipment, military gear, sporting goods, belts, and industrial applications Made in the USA, BioThane Coated Webbing has a flexible substrate core bonded with a TPU or PVC outer coating for protection. Tout petit point négatif : la longe est un peu plus lourde a tenir en main que le tissus quand le chien est détaché (en même temps elle fait 15 m de long…) mais malgré tout je valide a 100% le biothane. Beta coated straps, Biothane coated webbing, biothane coated rope and safety belt straps for DIY. We also have a vast supply of new and remanufactured hard parts. 60 mm) Thickness: 0. B10SF200BL231-BSEM-T200B. se has a fair bit of variants in Sweden. BioThane, Beta, Leather Weight. These Chin Straps do not come with stitch Custom Biothane Bridles Since 1978, made in the USA with the authentic USA made Biothane and Stainless Steel Hardware Truly, the last tack you’ll buy…. Known as vegan leather, it is waterproof and does not hold odors. Paracord. Order super heavy beta biothane by the foot - 5/8", 3/4" or 1" from Two Horse Tack. 50 per foot! DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. As well as being stylish the webbing is much more durable than standard polypropylene webbing, It's mold-resistant, bacteria-resistant, and can be wiped clean. Choose from a variety of listings from trusted sellers! Jul 7, 2020 · Whether you are looking for western bridle made from beta biothane, we have the best quality english & western bridles for sale. Family-owned and operated in the USA, BioThane Coated Webbing is a leading global manufacturer of TPU and PVC coated webbing. Prijs per meter. 34655 Mills Road Aug 30, 2023 · BioThane jest syntetycznym materiałem, który jest wytwarzany poprzez powlekanie specjalnej warstwy PVC (polichlorku winylu) lub TPU (termoplastycznego poliuretanu) na podłoże z poliestru. Jun 23, 2024 · This Dog Toys item by Habilletatruffe has 5 favorites from Etsy shoppers. It is abrasion resistant, 100% water and bacteria resistant, and does not stretch. Es un material mucho más duradero que las correas comunes de polipropileno. eu BioThane shop offre aussi des adapters BioThane prêt-à Mar 14, 2025 · TPU vs Biothane : Quelle différence ? 14 mars 2025. Halter Bridles. The BioThane® Gold 300 and 100 is a high gloss and translucent TPU coated polyester webbing. They are a class of polyurethane plastics known for its high elasticity, transparency resistance to oil, grease and abrasion, as well as overall low-temperature performance. Since founded in 2006, Our R&D team have been dedicated in TPU material for more than 10 years, we well know about the property & processing of TPU material, as well as the material supply chains. Check out our tpu lanyard selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our lanyards & badge holders shops. 040", . Notez toutefois que l'eau salée n'est pas propice aux accessoires. Why is BioThane ® better than leather? BioThane ® is more durable, cleanable, stronger and easier to maintain. Considering the Glowforge pro is co2 I’m wondering if it would work or what the risks might be? Has anyone tried? What is BioThane®? BioThane® is the brand name of all coated webbing products made by BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. 00 Original Price $ Single 13mm TPU/BIOTHANE Waterproof & ultra-resistant lanyard Emily. It's made of polyester webbing with a coating of TPU or PVC. BioThane can also be sewn to nylon, Velcro, more BioThane, or other materials to make a multi-layer belt, if needed. S. Is much more durable than common polypropylene webbing. Posted by Dave Edwards on 14th Sep 2021 I really like using the orange biothane for my packsaddle rigging. 95 Original Price $ Single 19mm TPU/BIOTHANE waterproof & ultra-resistant lanyard (106) $ 37. DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. What is Biothane® Used for? BioThane ® is the brand name of all coated webbing products made by BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. Check out our biothane tpu collar selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our pet collars & jewelry shops. , Ltd. BioThane® was developed in 1977 and is used widely in the equine and pet industry. break Collared Creatures range of colorful, practical Biothane waterproof Dog Collars and leads are Pvc/Tpu Coated. With almost 20 square feet of cutting area, BioThane’s CO2 laser is capable of precision cutting or engraving any shape or design in both coated webbing and sheeting products. 00 Add to cart; Monty’s Biothane Dog Leash $ 30. My budget is like $400 max, so TPU equivalents seem to be outside my price range and I’ll probably just end up getting a new graphics card since they are more general purpose anyway. It BioThane for Your Animals Cleanable, Durable, Healthier Buy Beta® 520 Leather Weight (Thickness . La sangle à l'intérieur est composée de plusieurs matériaux tels que: le coton, le kevlar, la fibre de verre, le polyester et le nylon. Biothane is manufactured in North Ridgeville, Ohio in the USA. Jul 23, 2023 · It has a thin TPU/PVC coating to add durability. Clean your BETA tack regularly for a lifetime of use. and not overseas. This unique composition gives biothane several advantages over traditional materials like leather or nylon. 02mm 400lbs (181. Biothane® USA available at The Strap Warehouse in Ohio. TPU Products. I have looked online and many people engrave them with a co2 laser. B30SF200BL231-BSEM-T200B. Biothane 16mm is een product met een polyester band en een PVC of TPU coating. 125") Buy Beta® 520 Adjustable (Overall Thickness . , Ltd is a company focusing on TPU extrusion, which is originated from Yunze Garment Accessories Co. The Biothane Radio Strap is made with decon in mind. Adaptateurs BioThane. 96 $ 15. 19 mm BioThane. Sealing with Air-Dry Liquids Water based: I had no idea the price point of a TPU ($100, $400, $2000, etc) and couldn’t seem to find it online so I figured I’d ask. The 100 series is used for opaque colors (black) and the 300 designates translucent colors meaning you can see the webbing through the coated color. This Pet Collar & Leash Sets item is sold by SimurghCreations. Tout cela forme en ensemble: - supportent une force de traction allant jusque 500kg - résistant aux températures extrêmes Apr 28, 2025 · This Pet Leashes item is sold by Habilletatruffe. Waterproof Fabric |“Joyful Bunny Clover” Checkered Floral & Rabbit Print Cotton with TPU Lamination, 110cm (43”), Made in Korea (TPU-990017) Sale Price $21. BioThane is a polyester webbing with a TPU coating that makes it more durable, waterproof, and easy to clean. BioThane est disponible dans des dizaines de couleurs. 437kg) Waterproof CAN BE SHIPPED $10 Can be CUSTOMIZED Message to order PAYPAL ️Biothane is a artificial material that looks and feels like leather but is more durable, waterproof, and easier to clean. Kaikkikäyttämämme metalliosat ovat kehitetty koira- ja hevostarvikkeisiin. *Ei kovetu pakkasilla. Buy BioThane®, 100/300 Gold, Translucent (High Gloss) at Walmart. According to the chart,the performance of tTPU is better than PVC. Biothane® breaking down point starts at a whopping -56°F (-49°C)! We also carry Biothane® Rope comes in 1/4" and 5/16" width. As for the different performance between this two materials, TPU coated webbing and PVC coated webbing also have their own weakness or strength. 79 $15. The BioThane® Beta 520 & 580 leather weight products are PVC coated polyester webbings with a matte (520) and semi-gloss (580) surface finish. Beta BioThane and synthetic tack favorites from Zilco and Berlin Custom. C’est en réalité une marque américaine qui désigne l’association d’une sangle (composée de coton, kevlar, fibre de verre et polyester), enrobée de TPU (polyuréthane thermoplastique). It boasts a break strength of 700 lbs. BioThane ®BioThane ® on Yhdysvalloissa valmistettu laadukas nauha, joka muistuttaanahkaa, mutta on täysin vegaaninen. Save when you buy in bulk! Purchase a 100-foot roll for $1. 160" Webbing: TPU Sheet Coating: TPU 85A Gloss: Semi-Gloss Application: Industrial Base Price: $155. Is BioThane better than leather? BioThane is considered a vegan alternative for leather. Laser cutting is a great option for low-volume production parts that need completely sealed precise cut outs and ends, or for parts that need intricate and permanent TPU services over 2,000 accounts and thousands of walk-in customers. Biodegradability and The Future Even though the immediate focus is on driving recyclability and rediscovering value at the end-of-life for products, early rumors place biodegradability as a potential area for growth in the coming years. Oct 27, 2020 · Le Biothane est une sangle enrobée de TPU* de très haute qualité, fabriqué aux Etats-Unis. It looks sharp, and is highly visible in the national forest. Bio TPU's performance and benefits are comparable to, and sometimes even better than traditional petroleum-based TPU, and can range in hardness from 82 Shore A to 55 Shore D. 99 * BioThane® is a coated webbing product made from TPU and B10 webbing. Nauhan pinta on päällystetty PVC/TPU-pinnoitteella ja… Jun 27, 2024 · Yes, BioThane can be used on animals without any problems. The Biothane Chin Strap is made with decon in mind. Oct 25, 2021 · What is BioThane? BioThane is a trademarked product made by BioThane Coated Webbing Corp in North Ridgeville, Ohio. a été fondée en 1977 dans l'Ohio. Harness Kicking or Buckling Strap USA Made BETA Biothane $ 50. The BioThane® Granite 230 & 280 leather weight products are TPU coated polyester webbings with a matte (230) and semi-gloss (280) surface finish. Il se nettoie au savon ordinaire et à l'eau. 25 $ 17. Its outer coating makes it cleanable with just soap and water or a wipe, and it will look as good as new. Profile Thickness Break Strength * Hole Pull Strength ** Available Widths; B05 Ultra Thin. 095") How long has Biothane® been used in the equine field? Biothane® has been used in the equine markets since 1978. Why Use Biothane®? Biothane® is a polyester webbing with a TPU or PVC coating meaning it is not only durable and long-lasting, but also waterproof, easy to clean and has hypoallergenic properties. It’s basically a polyester webbing with a TPU or PVC coating that makes it more durable, waterproof, easy to clean and weldable. It is safe as a product on the skin of animals. Mit unserem Druck- und Gravurservice im Haus können Sie neben Hundemarken auch bedruckte Dummies, Halsbänder, Bekleidung und weitere Artikel ordern. The information contained herein is believed to be reliable, but no representations, guarantees or warranties of any kind are made to its accuracy, suitability for particular applications, or the results to be obtained there from. Couleurs BioThane. It This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Granite 230. We use genuine BioThane® and quality metal fittings in order to produce a wide selection of bridles, breastplates, reins, martingales and numnahs. 00 / Sheet Check out our tpu dog leash selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our pet collars & leashes shops. That means that the material is simply plastic coated with plastic. 81. BioThane’s fabrication department can help with your manufacturing processes as well, including sewing, laser cutting, and fabrication capabilities to provide finished belts. The Biothane Revolution In 1978, we were among the first companies to introduce the revolutionary Biothane material to the equine industry. Or paracord. Check out our tpu biothane selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our pet collars & leashes shops. This waterproof webbing is PVC-coated. Sale Price $15. Le BioThane résiste à l'eau salée, c'est pourquoi les chiens de chasse portent souvent des colliers en BioThane. biothane. Shop now and get free shipping on orders over $100. Add to Favorites The chart shows you the difference between TPU and PVC. Nauhan pinta on päällystetty PVC/TPU-pinnoitteella ja nauhan sisällä kulkee polyesterinauhaydin, joka tekee nauhasta erittäin kestävä. These synthetic materials derived from oil are what make the final product waterproof, easy to clean and so durable. Confidence in Every Fit: Enjoy Our Product Fit Guarantee on All Purchases – Shop with Assurance! DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. Width: 4" (101. Tuotetiedot löydät alta. Del cuero tiene las propiedades del aspecto, suavidad y flexibilidad; del plástico, revestido de DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. Meets FDA skin sensitivity requirements Biothane is a modern marvel that merges the resilience of polyester webbing with a protective TPU or PVC coating. It has been well tested for durability, strength, chemical resistance and colour fastness by the manufacturers. Biothane®, also known as coated webbing, is a synthetic material that combines the strength and durability of traditional webbing with the added benefits of a protective coating. 38 mm BioThane. 25 mm BioThane. The polyester webbing is made from TPU or PVC and has the look and feel of leather, without the maintenance. This TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) coated webbing creates a very high abrasion resistant webbing. It is favored for dog collars, leashes, horse halters and bridles. BioThane® coated webbing is thin webbing that comes coated in TPU/PVC finishes. Biothane, Granite, Leather Weight. " Check out our tpu biothane collar dog selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our pet collars & jewelry shops. Biothane material has a polyester webbing interior with a TPU or PVC coating, which makes it waterproof, durable, and easy to clean. Sale Price $17. Resistente a la abrasión, a las bacterias y no se estira. Posted by Georgia Canine on 23rd Sep 2021 Great product. Listed on Jan 16, 2025 DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. 34655 Mills Road TPU Pricing | Google Cloud DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. 1/4" BioRope has a 600lb. Browse our range of vibrant waterproof BioThane© Dog Collars and Leads, each product is expertly made to order and shipped within 2-3 business days. Parry Harness & Tack being one of the 3 original harness & tack manufacturer’s asked to help introduce biothane to the equine market in 1978. us) - "BioThane® is the brand name of all coated webbing products made by BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. 30 (40% off) According to the BioThane® website (www. BioThane® on Yhdysvalloissa valmistettu laadukas nauha, joka muistuttaa nahkaa, mutta on täysin vegaaninen. You can purchase the complete dog collar and lead set or select each piece individually to perfectly complement your existing dog accessories. Rincez et séchez bien votre produit BioThane lorsqu'il est sale. Our BioThane dog collars & leashes come in over 25 bold and beautiful UV resistant colors. Width: 32" x 48" Thickness: 0. The material makes it more durable, waterproof, stink proof, and easy to clean. Elle peut supporter Width: 24" x 48" Thickness: 0. 88 mm) - Ultra Thin (UT) Webbing: B07 Polyester Coating: TPU 90A (401) Gloss: High Gloss Application: Industrial from The Strap Warehouse, Yonie's Harness Shop, Buckleguy. 240" Webbing: TPU Sheet Coating: TPU 85A Gloss: Semi-Gloss Application: Industrial Base Price: $185. Please note, BioThane is made with chemical processes, so we cannot guarantee safety when your critter chews it extensively. 13 mm BioThane. Bio TPU is commercialized as ESTANE ® ECO (previously known as Pearlthane™ ECO) for molded, extruded and coextruded end applications, and as Pearlbond™ ECO for Please Note: Insect repellents cause staining, pitting, drying and cracking on the TPU/PVC coated webbing (BETA). BioThane strives to use their knowledge of coated webbing and assemblies to help their customers’ products perform better and last longer. These straps are 100% waterproof and able to clean with an antibacterial soap or items such as Fire Wipes. Thermoplastic Polyurethane, or TPU is the most versatile of the thermoplastic elastomers. Tous les produits BioThane® sont toujours fabriqués dans le North Ridgeville, Ohio. Easy checkout and Timely delivery! 4 1" Biothane. Welcome to our comprehensive guide on Biothane®, a highly versatile material that has gained immense popularity in a wide range of projects and applications. Sunmolin Plastic Technology Co. Les couleurs les plus populaires sont le BioThane beige, coral, gold, orange ou teal. 27 mm) - Thin Flex (TF) Webbing: TPU Sheet Coating: TPU 85A Gloss: Low Gloss Application: Industrial Base Price: $70. Share Ce que l’on appelle “Biothane” est en fait une 𝙨𝙖𝙣𝙜𝙡𝙚 𝙚𝙣 Biothane PVC webbing and strapping is ideal for dog collars, leashes, horse halters, bridles & much more. Learn more. Check out our tpu biothane collar selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. May 26, 2021 · In addition, new TPU technology is progressing quickly with +30 percent renewable content. L'entreprise est familiale Tous leurs produits peuvent être appelés «BioThane» Les produits BioThane® sont disponibles dans un large éventail d'options. Sale. Quelques précisions sur le BioThane® BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. eu in the Neatherlands also stocks a fair bit. 00 / Sheet. Apr 1, 2023 · BioThane is nylon webbing coated in a durable PVC or TPU. com Wir fertigen selbst hochwertige Halsbänder, Leinen und viele weitere Produkte aus Biothane, TPU, HEXA, Leder und gummierten Bändern sowie aus Tauwerk. 00 / Sheet For Sealing BioThane® TPU Coated Belting CAUTION! Prolonged heating - approximately 5 minutes - of the Gold, Diamond, Granite™ or Griamond® series belting at 482°F may result in TPU degradation and generate Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) fumes. Ne pas hésitez a passer au biothane, je vais d’ailleurs en recommander un en 8 m. It is a stiffer product yet still flexible, making it a great choice for sporting dogs. Apr 2, 2025 · This Pet Leashes item by Habilletatruffe has 161 favorites from Etsy shoppers. View our products and request a sample today! B07UT400BL401-BSEM-A400A. To właśnie ta warstwa nadaje BioThane jego charakterystyczne cechy, takie jak trwałość i odporność na warunki atmosferyczne. in that color. The Biothane material is a TPU coated material, not PVC so there will be no hydrogen chloride if it is exposed to heat. BioThane® is particularly popular as a substitute for leather in applications like collars and halters, or in straps for medical and athletic applications where Biothane is the premier leather alternative made in Ohio, USA. 18 $ 35. This is also the reason why TPU can replace PVC. *Ei homehdu tai kerää itseensä hajuja. The strength comes from the polyester webbing core, whilst the thin TPU coating gives the waterproofing qualities. Sold by meter. B07UT112BL231-BSEM-T112A. We stock multiple colors and widths in a variety of types such as BETA 520 in standard & super heavy, Granite 230, Leather Weight, & more. Will Biothane® always look this good? Biothane will hold its appearance longer than Please Note: Insect repellents cause staining, pitting, drying and cracking on the TPU/PVC coated webbing (BETA). 30 ft long 1/2 wide Colour wine Was used TWICE In excellent condition * Advertised on other sites * BioThane in bigger quantities you should go from BioThane themself however if you only need small quantities hobbix. Developed by Bioplastics, the inventors of Biothane, this synthetic alternative to leather quickly gained popularity for its durability, low maintenance, and versatility. Deux types de Biothane: LE BETA : Le Biothane Bêta a un aspect de cuir Gauffré, Mat, il accroche plus la poussière que le Gold mais l'entretien n'en sera pas plus BioThane’s products are used in a wide variety of markets, including medical, safety, tactical, sporting goods, canine, equine and more. Width: 24" x 48" Thickness: 0. Jun 27, 2024 · In diesem Blog besprechen wir den Unterschied zwischen BioThane Beta und BioThane Gold, erklären, warum BioThane eine großartige Alternative zu Leder sein kann und geben Ihnen einige Inspirationen für BioThane beschichtete Gurtbänder! 9 mm BioThane. Biothane® gets brittle at extremely low temperatures. The flexible outer coating protects the webbing within and is durable, easily cleaned, and waterproof. 00 / Sheet Biothane straps. May 21, 2024 · SHOP THE BIOTHANE LEASHES & COLLAR COLLECTION HERE What is Biothane: Biothane is a material made with polyester webbing with a TPU or PVE coating. Correa impermeable de Biothane, fabricada con cinta resistente al agua recubierta de PVC/TPU. BioThane is a high-performance material combining polyester webbing with a soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) coating. We stock over 50,000 new soft parts including Precision International Overhaul Kits, Banner Kits, Master Kits, Clutches, Steels, Bushings, Solenoids, Shift Kits and converters, just to name a few. We suggest using a natural/organic repellent or using the Granite series Beta/Biothane for your tack. 5 out of 5 stars DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. Biothane has also been considered a vegan leather option as there are no animal products in the creation of BioThane dog collars. Le mot Biothane est souvent utilisé pour désigner la matière, or cette appellation est, en fait, la marque Américaine de ce produit. Learn more today! BioThane Coated Webbing is available in many options and has applications in a wide variety of industries. 080" Webbing: TPU Sheet Coating: TPU 85A Gloss: Semi-Gloss Application: Industrial Base Price: $90. These Radio Straps do not come with stit DISCLAIMER: Properties of BioThane® test results were compiled at BioThane Coated Webbing Corp. plijo nzxk qpl ylroxl vara tjrklsb rvaju xcrcpkfj rceovtak qffdqphk lew qsb rqymwnt gcvqxf vhdwf